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Tumor suppressor ARF regulates the
2024-05-13
Tumor suppressor ARF regulates the activity of p53 by inhibiting the functions of Mdm2. ARF is induced by hyperproliferative signals emanating from oncogenic Ras, overexpressed c-myc, and from deregulated E2F . ARF prevents p53 degradation and leads to increased p53 function by sequestering Mdm2 to
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In Rainey et al published the results of a targeted
2024-05-11
In 2008, Rainey et al. published the results of a targeted compound library screen for potential inhibitors of the ATM kinase. In this study, the compound CP466722 was identified as a highly selective and rapidly reversible ATM inhibitor, which did not inhibit PI3K or related PIKK family members. Mo
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The canonical binding sites to which or
2024-05-11
The canonical Angiotensin 1/2 (1-9) to which α2, α3, or α5 contribute are highly similar. Therefore, differences in ligand affinity will not be large even if a ligand makes optimal use of the small differences in the pockets. As a possible alternative approach to achieve separation of compound effe
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The enzyme Arginase ARG plays a role in the hepatic
2024-05-11
The enzyme Arginase 1 (ARG1) plays a role in the hepatic urea cycle by hydrolyzing L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea [13]. In the context of macrophages and MDSCs, ARG1 expression redirects L-arginine metabolism to abolish cytotoxic nitric oxide production [14], suppress T-cell function [15], [16],
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br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Photodynamic Therap
2024-05-11
Conflicts of interest Introduction Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a technique used for the treatment of several malignant and non malignant diseases (Akimoto, 2016, Keyal, Bhatta, Wang, 2016, Morton, Szeimies, Sidoroff, Wennberg, Basset-Seguin, Calzavara-Pinton, Gilaberte, Hofbauer, Hunger, Kar
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br Conclusions The present protocol
2024-05-11
Conclusions The present protocol for localizing or “spotting” the site of action of an antioxidant in a micro-heterogeneous medium is based on the differences in its reactivity vis-à-vis the series of amphiphobic TEMPO derivatives 1a–f. Plots of the relative antioxidant effectiveness of a given A
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We also found that the size of
2024-05-11
We also found that the size of mEPSC amplitude was reduced in unc-43 mutants, consistent with the decrease in synaptic GLR-1/GLR-2 heteromeric receptors. The decrease in mEPSC amplitude was not as great as that observed when measuring current in response to pressure application of glutamate. These d
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br Experimental section br Results and
2024-05-11
Experimental section Results and discussion Conclusion Acknowledgement This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81401489), the Shanghai Pujiang Program (17PJ1402800) and the Shanghai Sailing Program (Grant No. 14YF1409000). Introduction
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Pathogen infected macrophages release exosomes associating w
2024-05-11
Pathogen-infected Brefeldin A release exosomes associating with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as LPS and lipoprotein derived from microorganisms [29,30]. Exosomes released by bacterially infected, but not uninfected, macrophages stimulate macrophages to release inflammatory med
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First investigation of numerous membered ether linked
2024-05-11
First, investigation of numerous 12-14-membered ether-linked macrocycles revealed that smaller motifs were most lipophilic efficient. Compound (3) (12-membered macrocycle) exhibited good cellular potencies (ALK IC50 = 1.0 nM; ALK-L1196 M IC50 = 20 nM) and the highest LipE (4.4) with picomolar bindin
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ALDHs also act as opposite roles in
2024-05-11
ALDHs also act as opposite roles in the initiation and development of carcinoma. For example, ALDH2, as a key enzyme which oxidises acetaldehyde, participates in alcohol metabolism and is associated with alcohol-mediated carcinogenesis [37]. It has been reported that up to 8% of the world's populati
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We stimulated HNEpC cells with
2024-05-11
We stimulated HNEpC cells with LPS found that the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and the expression of AHR was increased significantly, and miR124 was reduced. It has been found that LPS as a foreign substance can bind to the TLR family of proteins to activate intracellular AHR signaling [[19],
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br Materials and methods br Discussion Few studies have exam
2024-05-11
Materials and methods Discussion Few studies have examined peripheral PACAP levels in migraineurs, and no reports have described PACAP levels in blood samples from patients with CM. Here, we demonstrated that plasma PACAP concentrations were lower in patients with interictal migraine (in both
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We observed PACAP immunoreactivity in the molecular
2024-05-11
We observed PACAP2 immunoreactivity in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex in zebrafish. This result is consistent with the reporting of PACAP immunoreactivity in the soma and fibers of Purkinje cells and the presence of PACAP mRNA in the Purkinje-cell and granular-cell layers in rats [43].
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Cefpodoxime Proxetil synthesis Since the cloning of ARs in t
2024-05-11
Since the cloning of ARs in the beginning of the 1990s, the efforts to characterize them have led to the accumulation of a substantial amount of experimental data. Decades of site-directed mutagenesis (SDM; Box 1) studies, in combination with pharmacological data and computational modeling, have pav